Few animals are genetically engineered and through this, we can extract important insights into the molecular basis of the domain of health and disease. Every species have different types of physiology but sometimes they are also similar to each other. Earlier scientists learned a lot about mice’s genetic behavior and how they are developing. They studied if their genetic matches with human as well. Although other species such as pigs are very much similar to human physiology and it has been proved by the scientist. Now researchers are performing an experiment in which they have generated chickens and pigs so their target genes can be altered efficiently. They will match both their genes to see the level of similarity between them. Researchers who belongs from TUM have successfully able to demonstrate a technique to efficiently study the mechanism of molecular of disease and how these disease are in a state of maintain a resistance or issues of biomedical in most of the farm animals. So these researchers studied a lot about it and hence they are able to introduce the specific gene mutation into desired organs.
Researchers are highly capable of doing this kind of experiment and they also found out a specific way to correct the genes without creating a new model of animal for which they have some targeted genes. So that it helps in reducing the number of animals required in research. . There are different types of tools which is helpful to write DNA information in many ways but to do it right is a very crucial art and methodology used in it should be very wise.
CRISPR/Cas9 is a tool to rewrite DNA information. Genes can be inactivated or specifically modified using this method. The CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of two components. The gRNA (guide RNA) is a short sequence that binds specifically to the DNA segment of the gene that is to be modified. The Cas9 nuclease, the actual "gene scissors," binds to the gRNA and cuts the respective section of the target DNA. This cut activates repair mechanisms that can inactivate gene functions or incorporate specific mutations. The generated animals provide the gene scissors, the Cas9 protein, and right along with them. So all we have to do is to introduce the guide RNAs to get animals which have specific genetic characteristics, explains Benjamin Schusser, Professor of Reproductive Biotechnology at the TUM.
