- In December 2021, Novartis had announced the top-line results from PEARL 1 and PEARL 2 Phase III ligelizumab (QGE031) studies in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). It was discovered that the studies' primary goals of superiority for ligelizumab over placebo at Week 12 were met, but not for omalizumab. Ligelizumab, a high-affinity anti-IgE antibody, was found to be superior to placebo at Week 12 in the PEARL 1 and PEARL 2 Phase III studies, but not to omalizumab
