Semiconductors and Electronics

Request for TOC Request for Sample
BUY NOW

Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom Market – Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029

Semiconductors and Electronics | Published Report | Nov 2021 | Europe | 350 Pages | No of Tables: 122 | No of Figures: 25

Report Description

Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom Market, By Type (Lucent Connector (LC), Subscriber Connector (SC), Straight Tip (ST), Fiber Connector (FC), Multi-Fiber Termination Push On/Pull Off (MTP), Master Unit (MU), e2000 Connector, lx-5 Connector, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Volition Connector, Opti-jack Connector, Sub Multi Assembly (SMA), and Others), Organization Size (Large Enterprise, Medium Enterprise, Small Enterprise), Configuration (Duplex, Simplex), Fiber Type (Single Mode, Multimode), Material (Metal, Plastic, Ceramic, and Others), Sales Channel (Business To Business, Business To Customers, Others), Application (Internet Communication, Cable TV, Telephone, and Others) Country (Germany, Spain, U.K., France, Italy, Turkey, Netherlands, Belgium, Russia, Switzerland, and Rest of Europe) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029

Get Exclusive Sample Copy of this Report Here

Market Analysis and Insights: Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom Market

The Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is expected to gain significant growth in the forecast period of 2022 to 2029. Data Bridge Market Research analyzes that the market is growing with a CAGR of 13.1% in the forecast period of 2022 to 2029 and is expected to reach USD 1,479.97 million by 2029. Higher efficiency of fiber and high speed of connection is boosting the growth of the Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom market.

Fiber optic connectors are engineered to provide perfect alignment to the microscopic glass fibers used in fiber cables to transmit data. These sorts of connections have to be highly precise in order to facilitate high-speed fiber optic networking. Fiber optic connectors are an integral part of any fiber optic cable network. The fiber optic connector is composed of a cylindrical barrel which is surrounded by the sleeve. In order to provide stability in the connection, the connector is equipped with various locking systems such as screw fit, latches and key system. This allows the cable to be connected properly so that there is no loss of signals. There are different types of connectors available in the market including ST connectors, SC connectors, LC connectors, 10G-CX4 connector, infiniband (4x) connector, MTRJ connector, MTP/MPO connector, RJ-45 connector, D4 connector, ESCON connector, OptiJack connector, FDDI connector, MU connector.

The increasing adoption of phones and rising demand for internet bandwidth acts as a driver for the growth of the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market. However, complications in replacing the existing network infrastructure prove to be a challenge for the market growth. On the other hand, surging government initiatives with key players present in the region are expected to provide opportunities for the growth of the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market. However, high installation cost may restrain the market growth.

The Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market report provides details of market share, new developments, and product pipeline analysis, the impact of domestic and localized market players, analyses opportunities in terms of emerging revenue pockets, changes in market regulations, product approvals, strategic decisions, product launches, geographic expansions, and technological innovations in the market. To understand the analysis and the Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom market scenario, contact Data Bridge Market Research for an Analyst Brief; our team will help you create a revenue impact solution to achieve your desired goal.

Get Exclusive Sample Copy of this Report Here

Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom Market Scope and Market Size

The Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented based on type, organization, configuration, fiber type, material, sales channel, and application. The growth among segments helps you analyze niche pockets of growth and strategies to approach the market and determine your core application areas and the difference in your target markets.

  • On the basis of type, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented into lucent connector (LC), subscriber connector (SC), straight tip (ST), fiber connector (FC), multi-fiber termination push on/push off (MTP), master Unit (MU), E2000 connector, LX-5 connector, fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), volition connector, opti-jack connector, sub multi assembly (SMA), and others. In 2022, the lucent connector (LC) segment is expected to dominate the market as these connectors are widely used due to their compact size and better stability rack mounts. Also, they come with an SFF design, which allows them to be suitable for high-density applications.
  • On the basis of organization size, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented into large enterprise, small enterprise, and medium enterprise. In 2022, the large enterprise segment is expected to dominate the market as they have a large client base and hence the product demand is higher in these institutions. Also, the connectivity requirement in large enterprises is more which leads to market growth.
  • On the basis of configuration, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented into simplex and duplex. In 2022, duplex segment is expected to dominate the market as it offers feasibility in receiving and transferring bidirectional data, which is essential in a communication application. Moreover, increasing adoption of connectors in telecom industries to improve communication is further accelerating the growth.
  • On the basis of fiber type, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented into single mode and multimode. In 2022, single-mode segment is expected to dominate the market, as it provides faster transmission than multimode over long distances as fewer switches or routers are needed mid-span. Also, it has virtually unlimited bandwidth capacity.
  • On the basis of material, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented into metal, plastic, ceramic, and others. In 2022, the metal segment is expected to dominate the market as these connectors are widely used due to their high strength, and strong quality for rugged operations. Also, the wide availability of metal connectors for hazardous, outdoor, and rugged applications is further accelerating the market growth.
  • On the basis of sales channel, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is segmented into business to customers, business to business, and others. In 2022, business to business segment is expected to dominate the market as it is the only option that provides a huge quantity in a short period.
  • On the basis of application, the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market are segmented into internet communication, cable TV, telephone, and others. In 2022, the internet communication segment is expected to dominate the market as its demand is increasing due to its use in all industries from education to healthcare   

Get Exclusive Sample Copy of this Report Here

Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom Market Country Level Analysis

The Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market is analyzed, and market size information is provided based on type, organization size, configuration, fiber type, material, sales channel, and application as referenced above.

The countries covered in the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market report are Germany, Spain, U.K., France, Italy, Turkey, Netherlands, Belgium, Russia, Switzerland, and Rest of Europe. Germany dominates the market due to the presence of key players in the region with high adoption rate of fiber optics.

The country section of the report also provides individual market impacting factors and changes in regulation in the market domestically that impact the current and future trends of the market. Data points such as new sales, replacement sales, country demographics, regulatory acts, and import-export tariffs are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. Also, the presence and availability of Europe brands and their challenges faced due to large or scarce competition from local and domestic brands, the impact of sales channels are considered while providing forecast analysis of the country data.

Increasing Adoption of Phones and Rising Demand for Internet Bandwidth is Boosting the Market Growth

The Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market also provides you with a detailed market analysis for every country's growth in a particular market. Additionally, it provides detailed information regarding the market players’ strategy and their geographical presence. The data is available for the historical period 2011 to 2020.

Competitive Landscape and Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom Market Share Analysis

The Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market competitive landscape provides details by the competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, production sites and facilities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product trials pipelines, product approvals, patents, product width, and breadth, application dominance, and technology lifeline curve. The above data points provided are only related to the companies’ focus related to the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market.

Some of the major companies which are dealing in the Europe fiber optic connector in telecom market are AMPHENOL CORPORATION, TE Connectivity, FIBRAIN Sp.z.o.o, Rosenberger , Molex, Luxshare Precision Industry Co., Ltd., 3M, CommScope, HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD., AFL, Corning Incorporated, HARTING Technology Group, Panduit, Souriau, Radiall, HUBER+SUHNER, LEONI, LEMO, Weidmüller, WAGO among others in domestic players. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

Many contracts and agreements are also initiated by the companies worldwide, which accelerates the Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom market.

For instances,

  • In September 2021, TE Connectivity announced that they have acquired ERNI Group AG (ERNI), a leading firm in electronic connectivity for factory automation and switchtive. The acquisition will help the company to broaden its product portfolio, particularly in high-speed and fine-pitch connectors for factory automation, automotive, medical, and other industrial applications. Also, it will help the company to expand its customer base and global presence
  • In March 2021, Amphenol Corporation announced the launch of its new PRM Series (Panel Rack Mount) Connectors. They are designed in two positions, both in plugs and receptacles. They are a quick-connect power connector solution for use in panel rack mount network applications. It enables denser installations, faster deployments, and upgrades. With this, the company has expanded its product portfolio


SKU-

Table of Content

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.2 MARKET DEFINITION

1.3 OVERVIEW OF EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET

1.4 CURRENCY AND PRICING

1.5 LIMITATIONS

1.6 MARKETS COVERED

2 MARKET SEGMENTATION

2.1 MARKETS COVERED

2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE

2.3 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY

2.4 DBMR TRIPOD DATA VALIDATION MODEL

2.5 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS WITH KEY OPINION LEADERS

2.6 DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID

2.7 MULTIVARIATE MODELING

2.8 TYPE TIMELINE CURVE

2.9 MARKET APPLICATION COVERAGE GRID

2.1 SECONDARY SOURCES

2.11 ASSUMPTIONS

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS

4.1 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIERS

4.1.1 TE CONNECTIVITY

4.1.2 MOLEX

4.1.3 COMMSCOPE

4.1.4 BELDEN INC.

4.1.5 PRECISION FIBER PRODUCTS, INC.

4.1.6 EFB-ELEKTRONIK GMBH

4.1.7 FUJIKURA EUROPE LTD

4.1.8 TELECOM.SAMM.COM

4.1.9 FIBERTRONICS INC.

4.1.10 RIPLEY TOOLS LLC.

4.2 TELECOM OPERATORS

4.2.1 DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG

4.2.2 VODAFONE GROUP PLC.

4.2.3 ORANGE

4.2.4 TELEFÓNICA S.A.

4.2.5 VIVENDI

4.2.6 SWISSCOM AG

4.2.7 TELENOR GROUP

4.2.8 TELIA COMPANY AB

4.2.9 BOUYGUES TELECOM

4.2.10 CELLNEX TELECOM

5 MARKET OVERVIEW

5.1 DRIVERS

5.1.1 INCREASE IN ADOPTION OF MOBILES

5.1.2 EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE OF FIBER OPTIC CABLE AS COMPARED TO COPPER CABLE

5.1.3 SURGING USAGE OF THE INTERNET

5.1.4 HIGH BANDWIDTH OFFERED BY FIBER OPTIC NETWORK

5.1.5 INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR HIGH DEFINITION CONTENT

5.2 RESTRAINTS

5.2.1 HIGH INITIAL COST OF INVESTMENT

5.2.2 GROWING ADOPTION OF WIRELESS BROADBAND AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

5.3 OPPORTUNITIES

5.3.1 SURGING GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

5.3.2 ESCALATING ADOPTION OF 5G NETWORK

5.4 CHALLENGES

5.4.1 COMPLICATIONS IN REPLACING THE PRE-EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

5.4.2 LACK OF MANUFACTURING CAPABILITIES

6 IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET

6.1 ANALYSIS ON IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE MARKET

6.2 AFTERMATH OF COVID-19 AND GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE TO BOOST THE MARKET

6.3 STRATEGIC DECISIONS OF MANUFACTURERS POST-COVID-19 TO GAIN COMPETITIVE MARKET SHARE

6.4 IMPACT ON SUPPLY CHAIN

6.5 CONCLUSION

7 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE

7.1 OVERVIEW

7.2 LUCENT CONNECTOR (LC)

7.3 SUBSCRIBER CONNECTOR (SC)

7.4 STRAIGHT TIP (ST)

7.5 FIBER CONNECTOR (FC)

7.6 MULTI-FIBER TERMINATION PUSH ON/PULL OFF (MTP)

7.7 MASTER UNIT (MU)

7.8 E2000 CONNECTOR

7.9 LX-5 CONNECTOR

7.1 FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI)

7.11 VOLITION CONNECTOR

7.12 OPTI-JACK CONNECTOR

7.13 SUB MULTI ASSEMBLY (SMA)

7.14 OTHERS

8 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE

8.1 OVERVIEW

8.2 LARGE ENTERPRISE

8.3 MEDIUM ENTERPRISE

8.4 SMALL ENTERPRISE

9 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION

9.1 OVERVIEW

9.2 DUPLEX

9.3 SIMPLEX

10 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE

10.1 OVERVIEW

10.2 SINGLE MODE

10.3 MULTIMODE

11 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL

11.1 OVERVIEW

11.2 METAL

11.3 PLASTIC

11.4 CERAMIC

11.5 OTHERS

12 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL

12.1 OVERVIEW

12.2 BUSINESS TO BUSINESS

12.3 BUSINESS TO CUSTOMERS

12.4 OTHERS

13 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION

13.1 OVERVIEW

13.2 INTERNET COMMUNICATION

13.2.1 LUCENT CONNECTOR (LC)

13.2.2 SUBSCRIBER CONNECTOR (SC)

13.2.3 STRAIGHT TIP (ST)

13.2.4 FIBER CONNECTOR (FC)

13.2.5 MULTI-FIBER TERMINATION PUSH ON/PULL OFF (MTP)

13.2.6 MASTER UNIT (MU)

13.2.7 E2000 CONNECTOR

13.2.8 LX-5 CONNECTOR

13.2.9 FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI)

13.2.10 VOLITION CONNECTOR

13.2.11 OPTI-JACK CONNECTOR

13.2.12 SUB MULTI ASSEMBLY (SMA)

13.2.13 OTHERS

13.3 CABLE TV

13.3.1 LUCENT CONNECTOR (LC)

13.3.2 SUBSCRIBER CONNECTOR (SC)

13.3.3 STRAIGHT TIP (ST)

13.3.4 FIBER CONNECTOR (FC)

13.3.5 MULTI-FIBER TERMINATION PUSH ON/PULL OFF (MTP)

13.3.6 MASTER UNIT (MU)

13.3.7 E2000 CONNECTOR

13.3.8 LX-5 CONNECTOR

13.3.9 FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI)

13.3.10 VOLITION CONNECTOR

13.3.11 OPTI-JACK CONNECTOR

13.3.12 SUB MULTI ASSEMBLY (SMA)

13.3.13 OTHERS

13.4 TELEPHONE

13.4.1 LUCENT CONNECTOR (LC)

13.4.2 SUBSCRIBER CONNECTOR (SC)

13.4.3 STRAIGHT TIP (ST)

13.4.4 FIBER CONNECTOR (FC)

13.4.5 MULTI-FIBER TERMINATION PUSH ON/PULL OFF (MTP)

13.4.6 MASTER UNIT (MU)

13.4.7 E2000 CONNECTOR

13.4.8 LX-5 CONNECTOR

13.4.9 FIBER DISTRIBUTED DATA INTERFACE (FDDI)

13.4.10 VOLITION CONNECTOR

13.4.11 OPTI-JACK CONNECTOR

13.4.12 SUB MULTI ASSEMBLY (SMA)

13.4.13 OTHERS

13.5 OTHERS

14 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY COUNTRY

14.1 EUROPE

14.1.1 GERMANY

14.1.2 U.K.

14.1.3 ITALY

14.1.4 FRANCE

14.1.5 RUSSIA

14.1.6 SPAIN

14.1.7 NETHERLANDS

14.1.8 BELGIUM

14.1.9 SWITZERLAND

14.1.10 TURKEY

14.1.11 REST OF EUROPE

15 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: COMPANY LANDSCAPE

15.1 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: EUROPE

16 SWOT ANALYSIS

17 COMPANY PROFILE

17.1 TE CONNECTIVITY

17.1.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.1.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.1.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.1.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.2 LEONI

17.2.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.2.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.2.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.3 AMPHENOL CORPORATION

17.3.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.3.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.3.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.3.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.4 LUXSHARE PRECISION INDUSTRY CO., LTD.

17.4.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.4.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.4.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.5 LEMO

17.5.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.5.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.5.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.6 HUBER+SUHNER

17.6.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.6.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.6.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.6.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.7 MOLEX

17.7.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.7.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.7.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.8 3M

17.8.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.8.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.8.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.8.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.9 AFL

17.9.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.9.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.9.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.1 COMMSCOPE

17.10.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.10.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.10.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.10.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENT

17.11 CORNING INCORPORATED

17.11.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.11.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.11.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.11.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.12 FIBRAIN SP. Z O.O.

17.12.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.12.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.12.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENT

17.13 HARTING TECHNOLOGY GROUP

17.13.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.13.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.13.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.14 HIROSE ELECTRIC CO., LTD.

17.14.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.14.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS

17.14.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.14.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.15 PANDUIT

17.15.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.15.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.15.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.16 RADIALL

17.16.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.16.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.16.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.17 ROSENBERGER

17.17.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.17.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.17.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.18 SOURIAU

17.18.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.18.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.18.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.19 WAGO

17.19.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.19.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.19.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

17.2 WEIDMÜLLER

17.20.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT

17.20.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO

17.20.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

18 QUESTIONNAIRE

19 RELATED REPORTS

List of Table

TABLE 1 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 2 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 3 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 4 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 5 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 6 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 7 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 8 EUROPE INTERNET COMMUNICATION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 9 EUROPE CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 10 EUROPE TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 11 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY COUNTRY, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 12 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 13 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 14 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 15 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 16 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 17 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 18 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 19 EUROPE INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 20 EUROPE CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 21 EUROPE TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 22 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 23 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 24 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 25 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 26 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 27 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 28 GERMANY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 29 GERMANY INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 30 GERMANY CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 31 GERMANY TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 32 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 33 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 34 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 35 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 36 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 37 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 38 U.K. FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 39 U.K. INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 40 U.K. CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 41 U.K. TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 42 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 43 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 44 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 45 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 46 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 47 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 48 ITALY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 49 ITALY INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 50 ITALY CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 51 ITALY TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 52 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 53 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 54 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 55 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 56 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 57 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 58 FRANCE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 59 FRANCE INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 60 FRANCE CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 61 FRANCE TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 62 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 63 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 64 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 65 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 66 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 67 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 68 RUSSIA FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 69 RUSSIA INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 70 RUSSIA CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 71 RUSSIA TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 72 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 73 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 74 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 75 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 76 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 77 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 78 SPAIN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 79 SPAIN INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 80 SPAIN CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 81 SPAIN TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 82 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 83 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 84 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 85 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 86 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 87 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 88 NETHERLANDS FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 89 NETHERLANDS INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 90 NETHERLANDS CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 91 NETHERLANDS TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 92 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 93 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 94 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 95 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 96 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 97 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 98 BELGIUM FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 99 BELGIUM INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 100 BELGIUM CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 101 BELGIUM TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 102 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 103 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 104 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 105 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 106 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 107 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 108 SWITZERLAND FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 109 SWITZERLAND INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 110 SWITZERLAND CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 111 SWITZERLAND TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 112 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 113 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 114 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 115 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 116 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 117 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 118 TURKEY FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY APPLICATION, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 119 TURKEY INTERNET CONNECTION IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 120 TURKEY CABLE TV IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 121 TURKEY TELEPHONE IN FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

TABLE 122 REST OF EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2020-2029 (USD MILLION)

List of Figure

FIGURE 1 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: SEGMENTATION

FIGURE 2 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION

FIGURE 3 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: DROC ANALYSIS

FIGURE 4 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: GLOBAL VS REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS

FIGURE 5 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: COMPANY RESEARCH ANALYSIS

FIGURE 6 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: INTERVIEW DEMOGRAPHICS

FIGURE 7 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID

FIGURE 8 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: MARKET APPLICATION COVERAGE GRID

FIGURE 9 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: SEGMENTATION

FIGURE 10 INCREASING ADOPTION OF MOBILES IS EXPECTED TO DRIVE EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET IN THE FORECAST PERIOD OF 2022 TO 2029

FIGURE 11 TYPE SEGMENT IS EXPECTED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE LARGEST SHARE OF EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET IN 2022 TO 2029

FIGURE 12 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES OF EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET

FIGURE 13 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021

FIGURE 14 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2021

FIGURE 15 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2021

FIGURE 16 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2021

FIGURE 17 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2021

FIGURE 18 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2021

FIGURE 19 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY APPLICATION, 2021

FIGURE 20 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021)

FIGURE 21 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021)

FIGURE 22 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029)

FIGURE 23 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029)

FIGURE 24 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY TYPE (2022-2029)

FIGURE 25 Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom: company share 2021 (%)

View Infographics

FIGURE 1 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: SEGMENTATION

FIGURE 2 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION

FIGURE 3 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: DROC ANALYSIS

FIGURE 4 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: GLOBAL VS REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS

FIGURE 5 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: COMPANY RESEARCH ANALYSIS

FIGURE 6 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: INTERVIEW DEMOGRAPHICS

FIGURE 7 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID

FIGURE 8 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: MARKET APPLICATION COVERAGE GRID

FIGURE 9 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: SEGMENTATION

FIGURE 10 INCREASING ADOPTION OF MOBILES IS EXPECTED TO DRIVE EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET IN THE FORECAST PERIOD OF 2022 TO 2029

FIGURE 11 TYPE SEGMENT IS EXPECTED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE LARGEST SHARE OF EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET IN 2022 TO 2029

FIGURE 12 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES OF EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET

FIGURE 13 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY TYPE, 2021

FIGURE 14 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY ORGANIZATION SIZE, 2021

FIGURE 15 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY CONFIGURATION, 2021

FIGURE 16 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY FIBER TYPE, 2021

FIGURE 17 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY MATERIAL, 2021

FIGURE 18 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET, BY SALES CHANNEL, 2021

FIGURE 19 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY APPLICATION, 2021

FIGURE 20 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021)

FIGURE 21 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021)

FIGURE 22 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029)

FIGURE 23 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029)

FIGURE 24 EUROPE FIBER OPTIC CONNECTOR IN TELECOM MARKET: BY TYPE (2022-2029)

FIGURE 25 Europe Fiber Optic Connector in Telecom: company share 2021 (%)

CHOOSE LICENCE TYPE
  • 4200.00
  • 3500.00
  • 2000.00
  • 5500.00
  • 7500.00
Why Choose Us
Unlocking New Opportunities on this Report Post Covid-19