Global RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Size, Share and Trends Analysis Report – Industry Overview and Forecast to 2033

Global RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Segmentation, By Modality (mRNA Therapeutics, siRNA, Antisense Oligonucleotides, microRNA Therapeutics, and RNA Aptamers & RNA Conjugates), Cancer Type (Solid Tumors and Hematological Malignancies), Delivery Platform (Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs), Viral Vectors, Polymeric & Inorganic Nanoparticles, Conjugate-Based Delivery, and Ex-vivo Cell-Based Delivery), End User (Hospitals & Cancer Centers, Specialty Clinics, and Research Institutes & CMOs)- Industry Trends and Forecast to 2033

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Size

• The global RNA-based cancer therapeutics market size was valued at USD 415.8 million in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 947.1 million by 2033, at a CAGR of 10.80% during the forecast period
• The market growth is primarily driven by rapid advancements in RNA technologies, including mRNA, siRNA, and antisense oligonucleotides, alongside increasing R&D investments and a strong clinical pipeline targeting both solid tumors and hematological malignancies
• In addition, rising demand for precision oncology, favorable regulatory support for innovative biologics, and growing adoption of combination therapies are positioning RNA-based cancer therapeutics as a next-generation treatment approach, thereby significantly accelerating overall market growth

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Analysis

• RNA-based cancer therapeutics, encompassing mRNA, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and microRNA-based therapies, are emerging as a transformative class of oncology treatments due to their ability to precisely modulate gene expression and target disease at the molecular level across both solid tumors and hematological malignancies
• The increasing demand for RNA-based cancer therapeutics is primarily driven by advancements in RNA delivery technologies, a growing emphasis on precision and personalized oncology, and rising investments from pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to expand RNA-focused clinical pipelines
• North America dominated the RNA-based cancer therapeutics market with the largest revenue share of 40.3% in 2025, supported by strong biomedical research infrastructure, high oncology R&D spending, and a robust clinical trial ecosystem, with the U.S. leading in RNA therapeutic approvals and late-stage oncology trials driven by active participation from major biopharma players and academic institutions
• Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the RNA-based cancer therapeutics market during the forecast period, attributed to expanding biopharmaceutical manufacturing capabilities, increasing cancer prevalence, supportive government initiatives, and growing participation in global clinical trials
• The mRNA therapeutics segment dominated the RNA-based cancer therapeutics market with a market share of 42.2% in 2025, driven by strong clinical momentum in cancer vaccines and immuno-oncology applications, as well as accelerated platform development following the success of mRNA technologies in other therapeutic areas

Report Scope and RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Segmentation   

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Trends

Advancement of Personalized and Targeted RNA Oncology Therapies

• A significant and accelerating trend in the global RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is the shift toward highly personalized and target-specific treatments enabled by mRNA, siRNA, and antisense technologies, allowing therapies to directly modulate cancer-driving genes with high precision

  • For instance, personalized mRNA cancer vaccines designed based on patient-specific tumor neoantigens are gaining strong clinical momentum, with multiple biopharmaceutical companies advancing individualized vaccine candidates into mid- and late-stage trials

• Technological progress in RNA design and delivery platforms has enabled improved stability, reduced immunogenicity, and enhanced tumor targeting, making RNA therapeutics more viable for complex oncology indications that were previously difficult to address
• The integration of RNA-based therapeutics with immuno-oncology approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapies, is facilitating synergistic treatment strategies that enhance anti-tumor immune responses while improving overall clinical outcomes
• This trend toward precision-driven RNA oncology solutions is reshaping treatment paradigms by enabling rapid therapeutic customization, shorter development timelines, and scalable manufacturing compared to traditional biologics and small-molecule drugs
• Consequently, companies such as Moderna, BioNTech, and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals are heavily investing in RNA oncology pipelines, focusing on next-generation RNA platforms and combination regimens to address unmet needs across multiple cancer types

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Dynamics

Driver

Rising Demand for Precision Oncology and Innovative Cancer Treatments

• The growing global cancer burden, combined with increasing demand for precision oncology solutions, is a major driver accelerating the adoption of RNA-based cancer therapeutics

  • For instance, in March 2025, several biotechnology firms expanded their RNA oncology clinical programs targeting solid tumors and hematological malignancies, reflecting strong investor confidence and regulatory support for innovative RNA-based approaches

• RNA therapeutics offer the ability to selectively silence, replace, or regulate disease-causing genes, providing a compelling advantage over conventional therapies that often lack specificity and are associated with systemic toxicity
• Furthermore, favorable regulatory frameworks for advanced biologics, increasing oncology research funding, and strong collaboration between academic institutions and industry players are supporting rapid clinical translation of RNA-based cancer therapies
• The growing emphasis on combination treatment strategies and biomarker-driven therapy selection is further propelling demand, positioning RNA-based therapeutics as a critical component of next-generation cancer care
• Growing awareness among clinicians regarding the therapeutic flexibility and rapid design advantages of RNA-based platforms is driving increased inclusion of RNA therapeutics in oncology treatment strategies
• Expanding partnerships between pharmaceutical companies, RNA technology providers, and contract development and manufacturing organizations are accelerating clinical development and commercialization timelines

Restraint/Challenge

Delivery Complexity and Manufacturing Scalability Constraints

• Challenges associated with efficient and targeted delivery of RNA molecules to tumor cells remain a significant restraint, as RNA therapeutics are inherently unstable and susceptible to degradation in biological environments

  • For instance, limitations related to off-target effects, immune activation, and suboptimal biodistribution have led to clinical setbacks for certain RNA oncology candidates, impacting development timelines and costs

• Manufacturing scalability and high production costs for GMP-grade RNA, particularly for personalized therapies, pose barriers to widespread commercialization and affordability across global healthcare systems
• In addition, stringent regulatory requirements for novel RNA platforms and delivery systems increase development complexity, requiring extensive safety, efficacy, and long-term outcome data
• Limited long-term clinical data for RNA-based oncology therapies creates uncertainty around durability of response and safety, influencing cautious adoption by healthcare providers and payers
• Variability in global regulatory standards for RNA therapeutics and delivery systems adds complexity to multinational clinical trials and market approvals, potentially slowing global market expansion
• Overcoming these challenges through advancements in delivery technologies, streamlined manufacturing processes, and regulatory harmonization will be critical for enabling sustained growth and broader adoption of RNA-based cancer therapeutics worldwide

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Scope

The market is segmented on the basis of modality, cancer type, delivery platform, and end user.

• By Modality

On the basis of modality, the global RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is segmented into mRNA therapeutics, siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides, microRNA therapeutics, and RNA aptamers & RNA conjugates. The mRNA therapeutics segment dominated the market in 2025 with a market share of 42.2%, driven by strong clinical progress in cancer vaccines and immuno-oncology applications. mRNA platforms enable rapid design and personalization of therapies targeting tumor-specific antigens. Increased investments from major biotechnology companies and accelerated regulatory pathways have supported widespread clinical development. The proven scalability and manufacturing efficiency of mRNA technologies further strengthen their market leadership. In addition, growing use of mRNA therapies in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors enhances treatment efficacy. These factors collectively reinforce the dominance of the mRNA therapeutics segment.

The siRNA segment is anticipated to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, supported by its ability to selectively silence oncogenes and disease-driving genetic pathways. Advancements in delivery systems, particularly lipid nanoparticles and conjugate-based platforms, have improved siRNA stability and targeted delivery. siRNA therapeutics are increasingly being explored for cancers with well-defined genetic drivers. Rising clinical trial activity and expanding oncology pipelines are accelerating adoption. Furthermore, siRNA’s compatibility with combination therapies enhances its therapeutic potential. These developments position siRNA as the fastest-growing modality segment.

• By Cancer Type

On the basis of cancer type, the market is segmented into solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The solid tumors segment accounted for the largest market share in 2025, driven by the high global prevalence of cancers such as lung, breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer. RNA-based therapies offer novel approaches to address tumor heterogeneity and resistance in solid tumors. Personalized mRNA vaccines and gene-silencing strategies have shown promising clinical outcomes. Strong research funding and broad clinical trial activity further support this segment’s dominance. In addition, the use of RNA therapeutics in combination regimens has improved response rates. These factors contribute to the leading position of the solid tumors segment.

The hematological malignancies segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate during the forecast period, owing to the suitability of RNA-based approaches for blood cancers with clear molecular targets. mRNA is widely used in ex-vivo cell therapies such as CAR-T cell engineering. Faster regulatory pathways and higher response rates in hematologic oncology support rapid adoption. Increasing clinical success and expanding approvals further drive growth. In addition, the use of antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA in hematological cancers is rising. These trends collectively fuel the fastest growth of this segment.

• By Delivery Platform

On the basis of delivery platform, the market is segmented into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), viral vectors, polymeric & inorganic nanoparticles, conjugate-based delivery, and ex-vivo cell-based delivery. The lipid nanoparticle (LNP) segment dominated the market in 2025, driven by their proven ability to protect RNA molecules and enable efficient cellular uptake. LNPs are widely used for both mRNA and siRNA delivery due to their scalability and clinical validation. Their success in prior RNA-based therapies has increased confidence in oncology applications. Continuous improvements in targeting and safety profiles further strengthen their dominance. LNP platforms also support rapid manufacturing for personalized therapies. These advantages position LNPs as the leading delivery platform.

The ex-vivo cell-based delivery segment is projected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by increasing adoption of RNA-modified cell therapies in oncology. RNA enables transient gene expression without permanent genomic alteration, improving safety. This approach is particularly effective in immuno-oncology applications such as CAR-T therapies. Growing clinical success and commercialization of cell-based treatments support rapid expansion. Advancements in cell processing technologies further enhance scalability. These factors contribute to the strong growth outlook of this segment.

• By End User

On the basis of end user, the market is segmented into hospitals & cancer centers, specialty clinics, and research institutes & CMOs. The hospitals & cancer centers segment held the largest market share in 2025, driven by their central role in advanced cancer treatment and clinical trial execution. These facilities possess the specialized infrastructure required for administering RNA-based therapies. High patient volumes and access to multidisciplinary oncology teams support dominance. Increasing adoption of precision oncology protocols further strengthens this segment. In addition, strong collaborations with biopharmaceutical companies enhance therapy availability. These factors maintain the leadership of hospitals and cancer centers.

The research institutes & CMOs segment is expected to grow at the fastest rate during the forecast period, driven by rising outsourcing of RNA therapeutic research and manufacturing. The technical complexity of RNA synthesis and formulation increases reliance on specialized service providers. Research institutes play a key role in early-stage discovery and translational research. Expanding clinical pipelines and demand for GMP-scale production accelerate growth. Strategic partnerships between biotech companies and CMOs further support market expansion. These dynamics position this segment as the fastest growing end-user category.

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Regional Analysis

• North America dominated the RNA-based cancer therapeutics market with the largest revenue share of 40.3% in 2025, supported by strong biomedical research infrastructure, high oncology R&D spending, and a robust clinical trial ecosystem, with the U.S. leading in RNA therapeutic approvals and late-stage oncology trials driven by active participation from major biopharma players and academic institutions
• Healthcare providers and research institutions in the region place high value on precision oncology solutions, advanced RNA delivery technologies, and the ability of RNA therapeutics to address unmet needs across both solid tumors and hematological malignancies
• This widespread adoption is further supported by high healthcare expenditure, favorable regulatory frameworks for innovative biologics, and a strong presence of leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, establishing RNA-based cancer therapeutics as a preferred next-generation approach in cancer treatment

U.S. RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The U.S. RNA-based cancer therapeutics market captured the largest revenue share within North America in 2025, fueled by strong oncology R&D investment, a mature biotechnology ecosystem, and early adoption of advanced RNA platforms. Healthcare providers and biopharmaceutical companies are increasingly prioritizing precision oncology approaches enabled by mRNA, siRNA, and antisense technologies. The presence of leading RNA-focused biotech firms, extensive clinical trial activity, and strong collaboration between academia and industry further propels market growth. Moreover, favorable regulatory pathways and high healthcare spending are significantly contributing to the expansion of RNA-based cancer therapeutics in the U.S.

Europe RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The Europe RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is projected to expand at a substantial CAGR throughout the forecast period, primarily driven by strong public funding for biomedical research and increasing focus on innovative oncology treatments. Rising cancer incidence, coupled with the growing adoption of precision medicine, is fostering demand for RNA-based therapies. European healthcare systems are also increasingly supportive of advanced biologics and personalized treatment strategies. The region is witnessing growing clinical trial activity across both solid tumors and hematological malignancies, supported by collaborations between biotech companies and research institutions.

U.K. RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The U.K. RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is anticipated to grow at a noteworthy CAGR during the forecast period, driven by strong academic research capabilities and government-backed life sciences initiatives. Increasing emphasis on genomics-driven oncology and personalized medicine is accelerating the adoption of RNA-based approaches. The U.K.’s well-established clinical research infrastructure supports early-stage and translational RNA oncology studies. In addition, rising collaboration between the National Health Service (NHS) and biotechnology companies is expected to continue stimulating market growth.

Germany RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The Germany RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is expected to expand at a considerable CAGR during the forecast period, fueled by the country’s strong pharmaceutical manufacturing base and emphasis on innovation in biotechnology. Germany’s advanced healthcare infrastructure and focus on precision medicine promote the adoption of RNA-based cancer therapies. The integration of RNA therapeutics into clinical research programs is becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in immuno-oncology and targeted therapies. A strong regulatory environment and significant investment in life sciences research further support market expansion.

Asia-Pacific RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The Asia-Pacific RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is poised to grow at the fastest CAGR during the forecast period, driven by rising cancer prevalence, expanding healthcare infrastructure, and increasing investment in biopharmaceutical innovation. Countries such as China, Japan, and India are rapidly advancing their RNA research capabilities and clinical trial participation. Government initiatives supporting biotechnology development and precision medicine are accelerating adoption. Furthermore, the region’s growing role in pharmaceutical manufacturing is improving the scalability and affordability of RNA-based cancer therapies.

Japan RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The Japan RNA-based cancer therapeutics market is gaining momentum due to the country’s strong focus on advanced medical technologies and translational research. Japan places significant emphasis on oncology innovation, and RNA-based therapies are increasingly being explored for both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The integration of RNA therapeutics with immunotherapy and cell-based approaches is supporting market growth. Moreover, Japan’s aging population is driving demand for more effective and targeted cancer treatments with improved safety profiles.

India RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Insight

The India RNA-based cancer therapeutics market accounted for a leading share within Asia Pacific in 2025, attributed to increasing cancer incidence, expanding biotechnology capabilities, and growing clinical research activity. India is emerging as an important hub for biopharmaceutical manufacturing and contract research, supporting RNA therapeutic development. Rising awareness of precision oncology and improving access to advanced cancer treatments are boosting adoption. In addition, government initiatives promoting biotechnology innovation and healthcare modernization are key factors propelling market growth in India.

RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market Share

The RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics industry is primarily led by well-established companies, including:

• BioNTech SE (Germany)
• Moderna, Inc. (U.S.)
• Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (U.S.)
• Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (U.S.)
• Silence Therapeutics PLC (U.K.)
• Sirnaomics, Inc. (U.S.)
• Providence Therapeutics (Canada)
• Orna Therapeutics, Inc. (U.S.)
• RNAimmune (U.S.)
• ProQR Therapeutics (Netherlands)
• Phio Pharmaceuticals Inc. (U.S.)
• TransCode Therapeutics, Inc. (U.S.)
• Pendrea Bio, Inc. (U.S.)
• Immunomic Therapeutics, Inc. (U.S.)
• STORM Therapeutics Ltd. (U.K.)
• RNA Therapeutics, Inc. (U.S.)
• RNA Nanotherapeutics LLC (U.S.)
• Rgenta Therapeutics (U.S.)
• RNA Technologies and Therapeutics, Inc. (Canada)
• Stemirna Therapeutics Co., Ltd. (China)

What are the Recent Developments in Global RNA-Based Cancer Therapeutics Market?

• In October 2025, Southern RNA and Providence Therapeutics jointly established cancer vaccine R&D operations at the Gold Coast Health and Knowledge Precinct, with personalized RNA-based immunotherapy programs showing promising responses in early patients and plans for expanded pediatric brain cancer trials
• In October 2025, a large clinical review highlighted that RNA-based cancer vaccines achieved unprecedented clinical validation across multiple tumor types between 2024 and 2025, with regulatory frameworks evolving and over 120 RNA vaccine trials underway globally, signaling a pivotal era for RNA oncology
• In January 2025, researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital published breakthrough preclinical results demonstrating that lipid nanoparticle-based co-delivery of mRNA and siRNA could both restore tumor suppressor function and inhibit oncogenic drivers in prostate cancer models, showcasing a powerful dual-action RNA therapeutic strategy
• In December 2023, Moderna and Merck reported follow-up data from the Phase 2b KEYNOTE-942 study showing that mRNA-4157 (V940) in combination with Keytruda significantly improved recurrence-free survival and distant metastasis-free survival in high-risk melanoma patients compared with Keytruda alone, reinforcing the promise of RNA cancer vaccines
• In July 2023, Moderna and Merck announced the initiation of a global Phase 3 study evaluating the investigational personalized mRNA cancer vaccine mRNA-4157/V940 in combination with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for the adjuvant treatment of patients with resected high-risk melanoma, marking a key clinical advancement toward potential regulatory approval

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